Music streaming services

SoundCloud

Music streaming and sharing from Germany

GermanyEUFree plan Ownership reviewed, controller unresolvedHigh non-EU dependency

Scope verdict

Ownership reviewed, controller unresolved

This service remains visible for context, but it is not counted or recommended as a European-controlled option.

How we classify services

Operational dependency warning

Relies heavily on non-European providers

Current public evidence shows 5 non-European infrastructure or email dependencies across 4 providers: Amazon Web Services, Google, HubSpot, Mailchimp Mandrill. The reviewed operational path is therefore not entirely European.

Review dependencies ↓

SoundCloud is a music streaming service based in Germany. Alongside listening it works as a publishing platform: artists upload their own tracks and listeners follow, share and discover them, which makes it a common place to find music outside the major label catalogues.

Because the company is European, it is a European alternative to US streaming services for people who want to listen and share without depending on them. Its open community suits independent artists looking for an audience as much as listeners hunting for new material.

Data and operations

Infrastructure and email path

Verified operational dependencies, shown separately from ownership and from the service's core data hosting.

Public website

Amazon Web Services

US-controlled cloud
Observed
A 52.84.150.52, 52.84.150.35, 52.84.150.57 · AS16509

Why this matters

This public website route ends on Amazon Web Services, whose European seller is wholly owned by Amazon.com, Inc. An EU region can provide European data residency but remains under US ultimate ownership. DNS does not reveal the AWS region, the core service's host, or use of the separately operated AWS European Sovereign Cloud.

Incoming business email

Google Workspace

Non-European provider
Observed
MX 10 aspmx.l.google.com · 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com · 20 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com · 50 aspmx2.googlemail.com · 50 aspmx3.googlemail.com

Why this matters

Published MX records route incoming business email through Google Workspace. Correspondent details and message content can therefore enter this non-European provider's systems; MX does not reveal the configured storage region.

Authorised outbound email

Google Workspace

Non-European provider
Observed
SPF _spf.google.com

Why this matters

This domain authorises Google Workspace to send email. If active, recipient details and message content can be processed by this non-European provider. SPF does not reveal its configured storage region.

Authorised outbound email

Mailchimp Mandrill

Non-European provider
Observed
SPF spf.mandrillapp.com

Why this matters

This domain authorises Mailchimp Mandrill to send email. If active, recipient details and message content can be processed by this non-European provider. SPF does not reveal its configured storage region.

Authorised outbound email

HubSpot

Non-European provider
Observed
SPF 7303199.spf04.hubspotemail.net

Why this matters

This domain authorises HubSpot to send email. If active, recipient details and message content can be processed by this non-European provider. SPF does not reveal its configured storage region.

Authorised outbound email

spf.extole.io

Provider control not verified
Observed
SPF spf.extole.io

Public DNS records identify visible providers and routes, not every backend location or private data-region setting.

Infrastructure checked:

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